Prostate cancer cell growth slowed by diet with fish oil

Men who ate a low-fat diet with fish oil supplements for 4 to 6 weeks before having their prostate removed had slower cancer-cell growth in their prostate tissue than men who ate a traditional, high-fat Western diet, say the authors of a multicenter study.

The researchers also found a change in the composition of cell membranes in both healthy cells and cancer cells in the prostates of men on the low-fat, fish oil supplement diet. The men had heightened levels of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil and decreased levels of omega-6 fatty acids from corn oil, which may directly affect the biology of the cells, though further studies are needed, said first author William Aronson, MD, of UCLA?s Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.

In addition, blood obtained from patients after the low-fat, fish oil diet was found to slow the growth of prostate cancer cells in a test tube, while blood from men on the Western diet did not slow cancer growth.

"The finding that the low-fat, fish oil diet reduced the number of rapidly dividing cells in the prostate cancer tissue is important because the rate at which the cells are dividing can be predictive of future cancer progression," Dr. Aronson said. "The lower the rate of proliferation, the lesser the chances that the cancer will spread outside the prostate, where it is much harder to treat.

"You truly are what you eat. Based on our animal studies, we were hopeful that we would see the same effects in humans. We are extremely pleased about our findings, which suggest that by altering the diet, we may favorably affect the biology of prostate cancer."

With the study?s Western diet, 40% of the calories came from fat. The fat sources were typical of the American diet and included high levels of omega-6 fatty acids from corn oil and low levels of fish oil that provides omega-3 fatty acids.

Results from the study were published online in Cancer Prevention Research (Oct. 25, 2011).

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